Research
Three volatility factors are not one factor counted three times
Five separate AI reviewers told us our model triple-counts volatility. We measured the correlations. They were all wrong, and all wrong for the same reason.
Measured September 8, 2026
The review everybody gave us
We asked five separate AI systems to review the scoring model. All five came back with the same headline objection: the model triple-counts volatility. Three of the six factors — IV rank, implied against realized volatility, and return on capital — are really one factor, so collapse them into one and reweight.
Five independent reviewers agreeing is hard to dismiss. We measured it instead.
The measurement
Correlations across the candidates of one scoring version, computed on the raw inputs with no scoring curve applied — because a curve can manufacture agreement between two measurements that do not have any.
| Pair | r |
|---|---|
IV rank × annualized return | +0.22 |
IV rank × raw implied volatility | +0.19 |
IV/HV × annualized return | −0.23 |
IV/HV × raw implied volatility | −0.28 |
IV/HV × IV rank | −0.16 |
The three scored volatility factors are close to mutually orthogonal, and two of the relationships are mildly negative. Collapsing them would not remove redundancy. It would delete independent signal.
Where the objection came from
There is a +0.85 correlation in this data, and it is real. It is raw implied volatility level against annualized return — and raw implied volatility level is not one of the six scored factors.
That single number, quoted without the five beside it, is what every reviewer saw. Of course a richer option pays more; that is what an option premium is. It says nothing about whether IV rank — where this name’s volatility sits in its own past year — tells you anything that the return figure has already told you. Measured, it mostly does not overlap at all.
Two things we took from it
A model can look redundant and not be. IV rank is also the single most influential factor in the final ranking, tracking the total at 0.69 within a day. Folding it into a composite would have quietly removed the thing doing most of the ordering.
Five reviewers given the same partial view are one opinion, not five. Unanimity among reviewers looking at the same incomplete number is not corroboration. When we ask anyone to review the scoring now, they get the whole matrix.
What this does not show
This is a correlation matrix over 111 candidates from one scoring version, on raw inputs with no curve applied. It establishes that the three factors are not measuring the same thing. It does not establish that all three deserve their weight — that is a question about returns, and it needs a longer record than we have.
Every gate, factor, weight and curve behind this is on the methodology page, and every pick the model has published is on the track record.
Research and education, not investment advice. No result here is a forecast. See the disclaimer.